The Toldot Timeline is a curated journey through Jewish history — from the creation of the world to the modern State of Israel. Each era highlights pivotal events, leaders, and turning points that have shaped the Jewish people across thousands of years. Explore the legacy, struggles, and resilience of a nation whose story continues to unfold.
3760 BCE / Year 1The world is created. Adam and Eve come into existence.
3631 BCE / Year 130Seth is born, son of Adam and Eve.
3526 BCE / Year 235Enosh is born, grandson of Adam.
3436 BCE / Year 325Keynan is born, son of Enosh.
3366 BCE / Year 395Mehalalel continues the ancestral line.
1813 BCE / Year 1948Abraham is born, initiating the Jewish patriarchal line.
1803 BCE / Year 1958Sarah, future matriarch, is born.
1788 BCE / Year 1973Abraham marries Sarah.
1765 BCE / Year 1996The Tower of Babel results in global dispersion.
1743 BCE / Year 2018Abraham enters a covenant with God (Brit Bein Habetarim).
1713 BCE / Year 2048Isaac is born; Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed.
1653 BCE / Year 2108Jacob and Esau are born to Isaac and Rebecca.
1590 BCE / Year 2171Jacob receives the blessing meant for Esau.
1562 BCE / Year 2199Joseph is born to Jacob and Rachel.
1523 BCE / Year 2238Jacob and his family move to Egypt, beginning the exile.
1506 BCE / Year 2255Jacob dies in Egypt, marking the end of the patriarchal era.
1429 BCE / Year 2332After Levi's death, the Israelites begin to be enslaved.
1393 BCE / Year 2368Moses is born during increased Egyptian oppression.
1355 BCE / Year 2406Joshua is born, who will later lead the people into Canaan.
1314 BCE / Year 2447Moses encounters the burning bush and is sent by God to redeem Israel.
1313 BCE / Year 2448The Israelites leave Egypt in the Exodus.
1313 BCE / Year 2448The Israelites cross the Red Sea.
1313 BCE / Year 2448The Torah is given at Mount Sinai.
1313 BCE / Year 2448Moses breaks the tablets after the sin of the Golden Calf.
1312 BCE / Year 2449Moses receives the second set of tablets.
1312 BCE / Year 2449The Tabernacle is erected.
1312 BCE / Year 2449The spies return with a negative report about Canaan.
1274 BCE / Year 2487Aharon and Miriam die.
1273 BCE / Year 2488Moses dies just before the Israelites enter the Promised Land.
1273 BCE / Year 2488The Israelites enter Canaan under Joshua's leadership.
1258 BCE / Year 2503The tribal allotments in the land are finalized.
1245 BCE / Year 2516Joshua dies.
1228 BCE / Year 2533The period of the Judges begins with Othniel ben Kenaz.
1188 BCE / Year 2573Ehud ben Gerah becomes a judge.
1107 BCE / Year 2654Shamgar ben Anath dies; Deborah leads the nation.
1067 BCE / Year 2694Gideon becomes a judge.
1027 BCE / Year 2734Abimelech, son of Gideon, assumes leadership.
951 BCE / Year 2810Samson becomes a judge.
931 BCE / Year 2830Eli the Kohen becomes a judge.
890 BCE / Year 2871Samuel becomes the final judge and prophet.
879 BCE / Year 2882Saul becomes the first king of Israel.
877 BCE / Year 2884David becomes king of Judah in Hebron.
869 BCE / Year 2892David becomes king over all Israel.
837 BCE / Year 2924Solomon becomes king.
833 BCE / Year 2928Construction of the First Temple begins.
827 BCE / Year 2935The First Temple is completed.
797 BCE / Year 2964Solomon dies and the kingdom is divided.
718 BCE / Year 3043Elijah ascends to heaven in a chariot of fire.
619 BCE / Year 3142Isaiah begins to prophesy.
423 BCE / Year 3338The First Temple is destroyed by the Babylonians.
423 BCE / Year 3339Gedalyah ben Achikam is assassinated.
421 BCE / Year 3340Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s dream.
371 BCE / Year 3390Zerubabel leads the return to Israel.
349 BCE / Year 3412The Second Temple is completed.
348 BCE / Year 3413Ezra leads a new wave of returnees.
335 BCE / Year 3426Nehemiah rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem.
313 BCE / Year 3448Ezra dies; Simon the Just meets Alexander the Great.
273 BCE / Year 3488Simon the Just dies.
246 BCE / Year 3515Septuagint: Torah is translated into Greek.
140 BCE / Year 3621Mattityahu begins the revolt of the Maccabees.
139 BCE / Year 3622Judah the Maccabee leads the rededication of the Second Temple.
138 BCE / Year 3623Hanukkah is declared an annual celebration.
133 BCE / Year 3628Judah is killed; Yonatan takes leadership.
127 BCE / Year 3634Shimon becomes leader of Judea.
119 BCE / Year 3642Yohanan Hyrcanus rules and expands the kingdom.
93 BCE / Year 3668Judah Aristobulus becomes king.
73 BCE / Year 3688Queen Shlomtzion (Salome Alexandra) rules.
40 BCE / Year 3721Antigonus, last of the Chashmonaim, is defeated by Rome.
36 BCE / Year 3725Herod the Great begins his reign, killing the last Chashmonaim.
19 BCE / Year 3742Herod begins major renovations on the Second Temple.
10 CE / Year 3770Herod's son Archelaus is deposed by Rome.
66 CE / Year 3826Jewish revolt against Roman rule begins.
69 CE / Year 3829The Second Temple is destroyed by Rome.
133 CE / Year 3893Bar Kochba revolt ends with the fall of Betar.
189 CE / Year 3949Rabbi Judah the Prince completes the Mishnah.
219 CE / Year 3979Rav establishes the great academy in Babylonia.
427 CE / Year 4187The editing of the Babylonian Talmud is completed.
475 CE / Year 4235Ravina II, last Amora, dies.
589 CE / Year 4349Academy of Pumpedita is reestablished.
928 CE / Year 4688Saadia Gaon becomes head of the Sura academy.
1038 CE / Year 4798Rav Hai Gaon dies, ending the Geonic era.
1096 CE / Year 4856First Crusade devastates Jewish communities in Europe.
1105 CE / Year 4865Rashi dies, ending the classical French rabbinic era.
1290 CE / Year 5050Jews expelled from England.
1492 CE / Year 5252Jews expelled from Spain and Sicily.
1563 CE / Year 5323Rabbi Yosef Karo completes the Shulchan Aruch.
1570 CE / Year 5330Shulchan Aruch published with Ashkenazi glosses.
1648 CE / Year 5408Chmielnicki massacres devastate Jewish communities.
1656 CE / Year 5416Jews are permitted to return to England.
1760 CE / Year 5520The Baal Shem Tov, founder of Chassidism, dies.
1797 CE / Year 5558The Vilna Gaon dies.
1873 CE / Year 5633The Chafetz Chaim is first published.
1881 CE / Year 5641Mass emigration of Jews from Russia begins.
1939 CE / Year 5699World War II begins; mass extermination of Jews starts.
1945 CE / Year 5705Six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust.
1948 CE / Year 5708The State of Israel is established.
1967 CE / Year 5727Jerusalem is reunified after the Six-Day War.
2020 CE / Year 5780Abraham Accords normalize relations with Arab nations.